Pre-boot eXecution Environment

PXE-client 集成在网卡里

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  1. DHCP Server

    # cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
# yum install -y dhcp
	# systemctl start dhcpd
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
#   see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example
#   see dhcpd.conf(5) man page
subnet 172.16.21.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 172.16.21.128 172.16.21.163;
  option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;
  option routers 172.16.21.2;
  default-lease-time 600;
  max-lease-time 7200;
  next-server 172.16.21.8;
  filename "pxelinux.0";#网卡引导程序，相当于说明书

}

  2. TFTP-引导程序下载,port 69

    #yum install -y tftp-server

#/var/lib/ftfpboot
	#systemctl start tftp

    • pexlinux.0-二进制，由软件产生

      • 查询需要安装什么软件
      [root@cent ~]# yum provides */pxelinux.0 #查询什么程序产生pxelinux.0
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
 * extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
 * updates: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
syslinux-4.05-15.el7.x86_64 : Simple kernel loader which boots from a FAT filesystem
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0

syslinux-tftpboot-4.05-15.el7.noarch : SYSLINUX modules in /var/lib/tftpboot, available for network booting
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0

syslinux-4.05-15.el7.x86_64 : Simple kernel loader which boots from a FAT filesystem
Repo        : @base
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0

    • 安装syslinux or syslinx-tfpboot

      [root@cent ~]# yum install syslinux -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
 * extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
 * updates: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
Package syslinux-4.05-15.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@cent ~]# rpm -ql syslinux | grep pxelinux
/usr/share/doc/syslinux-4.05/pxelinux.txt
/usr/share/syslinux/gpxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/gpxelinuxk.0
/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0

[root@cent ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/

    • pxelinux.0 要求读取菜单内容在：/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

    #利用安装ISO的菜单文件，mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
[root@cent isolinux]# cp isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
[root@cent isolinux]# pwd
	/mnt/isolinux
    • 图形模块vesamenu.c32(使用syslinux-ftfp-boot会自动生成)和背景模块splash.png
    [root@cent isolinux]# cp splash.png /var/lib/tftpboot/
    • 启动内核，启动硬件模块 vmlinuz / initrd.img
    [root@cent isolinux]# cp vmlinuz initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/
    • 修改菜单文件
    1 default vesamenu.c32 #加载图形模块
2 timeout 600 #单位1/10秒，即60s

10 menu background splash.png #背景图片

61 label linux
62   menu label ^Install CentOS 7 - 2009 #^I 颜色不同，表示快捷键I，直接到这个选择
     menu default #默认读秒
63   kernel vmlinuz #加载启动内核
64   append initrd=initrd.img #加载驱动程序，网络启动后面删除 inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 quiet

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  3. HTTP（FTP/NFS），yum 源-提供软件包

    1. install httpd

    2. 挂载安装光盘

      [root@cent isolinux]# mkdir /var/www/html/centos7
[root@cent isolinux]# mount /dev/cdrom /var/www/html/centos7/ 
#也可以使用cp 将cdrom的内容copy到centos7目录
cp /mnt/* /var/www/html/centos7

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  4. 部署无人值守安装—应答文件

    1. 使用system-config-kickstart生成应答文件（yum install system-config-kickstart)

    2. 如果出现乱码：LANG=en system-config-kickstart

    3. 修改yum repo base的名字，否则package selection为灰色（官方bug，只能用development这个名字）

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    4. 安装方法

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    5. boot loader

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    6. 磁盘分区

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    7. 网络配置-eth0

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    8. 必选包

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    9. 脚本按需

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    10. 生成应答文件

    11. 修改菜单

      [root@cent isolinux]# cp ~/ks-centos7.cfg /var/www/html/
[root@cent isolinux]# vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
------
label linux
  menu label ^Install CentOS 7 - 2009
  menu default
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img    ks=http://172.16.21.8/ks-centos7.cfg

    总结:

    1. dhcp—＞IP地址 next-server filename(pxelinux.0)
    2. tftp—>pxelinux.0
    3. pxelinux.0—＞菜单文件 default
    4. default—＞图形模块 背景图片 内核 驱动程序 ks.cfg
    5. ks.cfg—＞．．．．分区 软件包选择等配置 修改菜单文件–url="http://192.168.4.7/centos7"

注意，客户端的内存要大于1.5G，使用1G内存是会报错：

[  118.553728] dracut-initqueue[720]:        missing codepage or helper program, or other error

1595369 – rhel 7.5 installation fails with 1GB ram (redhat.com)

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